肌萎缩侧索硬化患者膈肌运动诱发电位

目的 初步探讨膈股运动诱发电位（DMEP）在肌萎缩侧索硬化（ALS）患者的应用及特点。方法 以表面电极在肋间隙处记录37例ALS患者及31例正常对照者经颅及经项磁刺激时产生的膈肌复合肌肉动作电位潜伏期和波幅,并计算中枢运动传导时间（CMCT）。22例ALS患者同时接受了用力肺活量百分比（％FVC）测定。结果 ALS患者较对照者颈及皮层潜伏期延长,颈及皮层波幅对数降低,CMCT延长,皮层潜伏期、皮层波幅对数、CMCT均与锥体束受累相关;皮层潜伏期和CMCT与临床呼吸困难相关,颈潜伏期与％FVC相关。结论 CMCT、颈及皮层潜伏期是DMEP参数中反映ALS患者呼吸功能障碍的敏感指标。CMCT反映ALS患者与呼吸功能相关的皮质脊髓束功能,CMCT与颈潜伏期结合有助于全面准确地揭示ALS患者呼吸受累的本质。     

MR多期动态增强评价大鼠肝硬化结节的血液动力学特点

目的 探讨肝硬化结节癌变过程中的血液动力学变化特点.方法 利用MRI动态增强扫描(Dynamic Contrast-EnhancedMR imaging,DCE-MRI)对SD大鼠肝硬化结节癌变过程中的血液动力学变化进行观察.结果 11个肝细胞癌(He Patocellularcarcinoma,HCC)结节、15个不典型增生结节(dysPlastic nodules,DN)和6个再生结节(regenerative nodules,RN)经DCE-MRI检查并经病理证实.HCC、DN、RN及邻近的肝硬化组织的REmax值分别为265.18±232.00,207.11±125.30,259.8±71.19、225.09±145.10.将病变结节与邻近肝硬化组织对比,发现HCC结节的REmax、Slope显著高于邻近肝硬化组织,T P显著低于邻近肝硬化组织.DN结节的REmax虽然显著低于邻近肝硬化组织,但TP、Slope与邻近肝硬化组织相比无统计学差异.RN结节的REmax、Tp、Slope与邻近肝硬化组织相比均无统计学差异.结论 DCE-MRI能反映肝硬化结节癌变过程中的血流动力学改变,HCC的血供较邻近肝实质显著增多,DN的血供可能低于或等于邻近肝实质.RN的血供与周围肝实质一致.     

我2007—2011年抗菌药物使用量与细菌耐药性相关性分析

目的：评价我院2007-2011年抗菌药物使用量与细菌耐药性之间的关系,为临床合理有效选用抗菌药物提供依据。方法：应用用药频度（DDDs）排序对我院2007-2011年各类抗菌药物及常用品种的使用量进行统计、分析,同时对DDDs和细菌耐药率的相关性进行分析。结果：5年间,我院抗菌药物的总DDDs呈上升趋势,总增幅达5．22％;各年度总DDDs分别为192794．78、193274．70、210331．16、216185．73、203783．26;处于前5位的一直都是头孢菌素类、氟喹诺酮类、大环内酯类、青霉素类及硝基咪唑类。5年间分离得到的主要病原微生物以革兰阴性菌为主,其耐药率随DDDs的升降而波动。铜绿假单胞菌和不动杆菌属对碳青霉烯类抗生素呈现较高的耐药性。肺炎克雷伯菌对美罗培南的耐药率与其DDDs间的相关系数r=0．936（P〈0．05）。结论：我院2007-2011年抗菌药物的DDDs与细菌耐药率的增加呈正相关,提示临床对抗菌药物的选用应更加规范合理,以期降低或避免细菌耐药的发生。     

MRI与DSA对颈动脉支架置入术适应证选择的比较

目的 比较3.0T磁共振(MRI)和数字减影血管造影(DSA)对颈动脉粥样硬化患者支架置入术适应证选择的效能差异.方法 收集2009年1月至2010年12月卫生部北京医院神经外科就诊的46例初发或复发脑缺血疾病的患者,超声检查发现颈动脉粥样硬化斑块后分别行颈动脉MRI及DSA检查.比较两种方法对血管狭窄程度、溃疡斑块的检出和对手术适应证确定的效能差异.结果 共92支颈动脉,除3支血管为支架置入后,症状性血管组25支血管,无症状血管组64支血管.MRI和DSA对颈动脉管腔狭窄的判断具有很好的一致性(Kappa值为0.882);对溃疡斑块检出的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);对手术适应证的确定,症状组的差异无统计学意义(分别为14支和13支血管,P>0.05),无症状组的差异具有统计学意义(分别为22支和14支血管,P＜0.05).在接受手术的14例患者中2例的手术依据仅参照MRI.MRI发现37支血管有斑块内出血,71支有斑块内钙化,而DSA未能检出.结论 与DSA相比,MRI可以更好地检出符合手术适应证要求的血管.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the efficacy of cardiovascular MRI and DSA in stent-treatment selection for patients with carotid atherosclerosis.Methods Forty-six patients with carotid plaque detected by ultrasound were enrolled in this study.Carotid plaque MRI and DSA was performed.Images were evaluated for luminal stenosis(NASCET standard), fibrous cap rupture, intra-plaque hemorrhage and calcification.Kappa value and paired chi-square test were used for the statistical analysis.Results These 92 carotid arteries were divided into two groups, that were the symptomatic artery group with 25 vessels and asymptomatic artery group with 64 vessels, and the other 3 arteries were excluded due to stent placement.There was good concordance between the degree of stenosis measured by MRI and DSA (Kappa value 0.882).There was significant difference in detecting FC rupture by two modalities (P<0.01).As to the indication selection for stent treatment by two modalities, there was significant difference for asymptomatic group(22 vessels by MRI and 14 vessels by DSA, P<0.05), neither did the symptomatic group.There were two patients, among those 14 who underwent the stent treatment, that decided stent treatment only rely on the FC rupture detected by MRI.Furthermore, MRI detected 37 vessels with intra-plaque hemorrhage and 71 vessels with calcification in the plaque.Conclusion MRI was much more suitable for the selection of stent treatment for patients with carotid atherosclerosis as compared with DSA.     

高频彩色多普勒超声在初诊类风湿关节炎患者膝关节滑膜病变中的应用价值

目的 应用高频彩色多普勒超声观察类风湿性关节炎(RA)患者膝关节滑膜及其血管增生性病变的情况,评价超声对RA膝关节病变的辅助诊断价值.方法 顺序纳入2009年10月至2010年10月在卫生部北京医院门诊就诊,符合中华医学会风湿病学分会RA诊治指南诊断标准[1]的患者41例(RA组),其中男11例,女30例.选择性别构成、年龄与RA组匹配的同期健康志愿者41名为对照组.采用高频彩色多普勒超声对RA组与对照组的膝关节髌上囊液体厚度、滑膜增生及血流情况,测定滑膜内动脉血流峰值流速(PSV)、舒张末期流速(EDV)、阻力指数(RI)和静脉血流速度.统计学方法采用组间t检验.结果 41例RA患者82个膝关节中,共有75个膝关节滑膜不同程度增厚(>2 mm),占91.46%,滑膜厚度为2.2～19.7(6.3±3.4) mm.其中0级血流占18.67%(14/75),1级血流占29.33%(22/75),2级血流占45.33%(34/75),3级血流占6.67%(5/75);动脉血流:PSV为(10.82±3.71) cm/s,EDV为(3.86±1.12) cm/s,RI为0.61±0.07;静脉平均血流速度:(2.72±1.02) cm/s.69个膝关节周围滑囊可见不同程度的积液,占84.15%,积液前后径2.4～16.1(6.9±3.2) mm.对照组未见滑囊积液及血流信号;无膝关节滑膜增厚,滑膜厚度为1.2～1.8(1.4±0.4) mm,与RA组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 高频彩色多普勒超声能较为客观准确地检测RA患者膝关节增厚滑膜的形态结构、厚度、滑膜内部增生血管的血流和滑囊积液等病变情况,因此,可将其作为临床判断初诊RA患者膝关节滑膜病变程度和疗效观察的首选检查方法.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the value of high frequency and color Doppler ultrasonography in detection of synovitis and the intra-articular vascularization in the knee joint of patients with newly-diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods Forty-one patients (30 women, 11 men) with newly-diagnosed RA were recruited to a cross sectional study(RA group).Forty-one age and gender-matched healthy volunteers were used as control group.The thickness of hydatid fluid, synovium hyperplasia, color flow imaging, peak systolic velocity(PSV), end diastolic velocity(EDV), resistance index(RI), venous blood flow and intra-articular perfusion were evaluated by high frequency and color Doppler ultrasonography.Results Totally 91.46% knee joints with synovial hyperplasia(>2 mm) were found in 41 patients with RA(75/82 knee joints),and the thickness of the synovial membrane was 2.2-19.7 mm (average 6.3±3.4 mm). In aspect of blood flow,the percentage of 0 to 3 grade were 18.67%(14/75), 29.33%(22/75),45.33 %(34/75) and 6.67%(5/75), respectively;the results of arterial blood were indicated with PSV (10.82±3.71 cm/s),EDV(3.86±1.12 cm/s)and RI (0.61±0.07),while the average of venous blood velocity was 2.72±1.02 cm/s.Joint effusion was found in 69 joints (84.15%)with the anteroposterior diameter 2.4-16.1 mm( average 6.9±3.2 mm).The thickness of synovial membrane was 1.2-1.8 mm (average 1.4±0.4 mm) and no significant difference were observed in joint effusion, signal of blood flow and thickness of synovial membrane in the control group.Conclusions High frequency and power Doppler ultrasonography may be a valuable and optimal clinical tool to accurately and objectively detect synovial hyperplasia, vascular pannus formation and joint effusion in the knee joint of patients with RA     

改良Dewar法和关节镜下双钮扣钢板固定法治疗肩锁关节脱位的对比分析

目的 比较改良Dewar法和关节镜下双钮扣钢板固定法治疗新鲜Rockwood Ⅲ~Ⅴ型肩锁关节脱位的临床疗效.方法 1997年10月至2009年10月间卫生部北京医院骨科收治的新鲜Rockwood Ⅲ~Ⅴ型肩锁关节脱位患者中,随访到改良Dewar法28例,男20例,女8例,年龄18～68岁,平均随访6.8年;全关节镜下双钮扣钢板固定法24例,男19例,女5例,年龄19～65岁,平均随访1.5年.分别对两组患者术后的影像学结果、临床疗效及并发症进行对比分析.结果 改良Dewar组和双钮扣钢板组的优良率分别为92.8%和95.8%,两组间优良率、VAS(视觉模拟疼痛评分)和UCLA(美国加州大学洛杉矶分校)功能评分差异均无统计学意义.改良Dewar组喙锁韧带异位骨化发生率较关节镜下双钮扣钢板固定组高,分别为25%和8.33%,但差异无统计学意义.改良Dewar组喙锁间距较双钮扣钢板组大,分别为11.96 mm和8.54 mm(P<0.05).结论 关节镜下双钮扣钢板固定法和改良Dewar法均是治疗新鲜Rockwood Ⅲ～Ⅴ型肩锁关节脱位的有效方法,全关节镜下双钮扣钢板固定法与改良Dewar法相比,创伤较小,术后可以更好的维持喙锁关系.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the clinical outcomes of modified Dewar method versus arthroscopic double Endobutton fixation technique for the treatment of acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation (Rockwood types Ⅲ-Ⅴ).Methods All cases with acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation (Rockwood types Ⅲ-Ⅴ) were treated at our department from October 1997 to October 2009.Among them, 28 cases undergoing modified Dewar method were followed up.There were 20 males and 8 females aged 18-68 years old with a mean follow-up period of 6.8 years.And the arthroscopic technique of Endobutton fixation was employed for another 24 cases.There were 19 males and 5 females aged 19-65 years old with a mean follow-up period of 1.5 years.The radiographic findings, clinical outcomes and complications of two groups were compared.Results The good/excellent rate of modified Dewar group and arthroscopic double Endobutton group were 92.8% and 95.8% respectively.There was no significant difference between two groups.No significant difference existed between two groups as to the VAS (visual analogue scale) pain score and UCLA (University of California at Los Angeles) score.The modified Dewar group had a higher rate of ectopic ossification in coracoclavicular ligament than that of the arthroscopic double Endobutton group (25% vs 8.33%).Yet there was no statistical significance.However, the distance between clavicle and coracoid process was larger in the modified Dewar group (11.96 vs 8.54 mm, P<0.05).Conclusion Both modified Dewar method and arthroscopic double Endobutton fixation technique are both efficient therapies for acute acromioclavicular dislocation (Rockwood types Ⅲ-Ⅴ). The former tends to be more invasive while the latter can better maintain the relationship of corocoid process and clavicle.     

18F-FDG PET/CT体积及肿瘤异质性参数对宫颈癌临床分期、病理类型及预后预测价值的研究

目的 探讨¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT体积及肿瘤异质性参数对宫颈癌的临床分期、病理类型和无进展生存(progression-free survival,PFS)及总生存(overall survival,OS)的预测价值。方法 回顾性分析47例确诊宫颈癌并于治疗前行¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT患者的数据,记录下列参数:原发病灶最大和平均SUV(SUVmax和SUVavg)、肿瘤代谢体积(metabolic tumor volume, MTV)、糖酵解总量(total lesion glycolysis, TLG)、肿瘤最大体积(Dmax)和变异系数(coefficient of variation, COV)。两组间的比较采用student t检验及Mann-Whitney U检验,ROC曲线判定各参数的预测效能并确定最佳临界值,COX回归分析和Kaplan-Meier生存曲线进行PFS和OS分析。结果 鳞癌组的COV显著低于非鳞癌组(P=0.009),临床分期早期组(FIGOⅠ~Ⅱ期)和晚期组(FIGO Ⅲ~Ⅳ期)的Dmax、MTV、TLG和COV比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。COX多因素回归分析表明,MTV(HR=2.83,P=0.030)和FIGO分期(HR=4.23,P=0.003)是PFS的独立预测因子。同时MTV(HR=5.01,P=0.016)和FIGO分期(HR=4.85,P=0.023)也是OS的独立预测因子。取最佳临界值,MTV高于临界值组和FIGO晚期组的PFS率(P=0.002,P=0.000)和OS率(P=0.000)均显著低于MTV低于临界值组和FIGO早期组。结论 基于体积的代谢参数MTV、TLG和肿瘤异质性参数COV在宫颈癌的临床分期、病理类型和预后预测方面都较SUVmax和SUVavg敏感,尤其是MTV,是PFS和OS的独立预测因子。     

线粒体功能障碍与血管内皮损伤的研究进展

线粒体功能障碍会导致ATP的生成减少,活性氧的产生增加,被认为是血管内皮损伤的触发因素之一。许多因素与线粒体功能障碍有关,如线粒体DNA突变、线粒体融合与分裂失衡、线粒体自噬受损等。本文综述了线粒体的质量控制过程和线粒体功能障碍在血管内皮损伤中的作用机制,以期为动脉粥样硬化的有效防治提供新的思路。